Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc, ngo\u00e0i 3 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: Dung m\u00f4i, ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng, b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u. Hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1n. T\u00f9y t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u01a1n.V\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia nh\u01b0: Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1 b\u1ecdt, ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng l\u1eafng, ch\u1ed1ng tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i, ch\u1ed1ng r\u00eau m\u1ed1c, ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1i, v.v\u2026<\/p>\n
Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1 b\u1ecdt L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ecdt (g\u00e2y n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 kh\u00ed trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thi c\u00f4ng). L\u00e0m cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb9p.B\u1ecdt \u01b0\u1edbt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u01a1n l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecdt l\u1edbn, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u01a1n g\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdt kh\u00f4 sinh ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi c\u00f4ng s\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ecd qu\u00e9t, con l\u0103n. C\u1ea3 2 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecdt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n do b\u1ecb s\u1ea7n s\u00f9i, l\u1ed3i l\u00f5m, l\u1ed7 \u0111inh… V\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1 b\u1ecdt d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho v\u00e0o s\u01a1n trong qu\u00e1 trinh nghi\u1ec1n s\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c s\u01a1n, t\u00f9y v\u00e0o t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5 gia ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 thu\u1eadt ti\u1ec7n trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u01a1n, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0m 2 nh\u00f3m ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u sau:
a. Lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1n:<\/strong>
\u2022 Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1 b\u1ecdt (Defoames)
\u2022 Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u bi\u1ebfn (Rheology Modifiers)
\u2022 Ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (Surfactant additives)
\u2022 Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n (Wetting and dispersing agents)
b. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u01a1n theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/strong>
\u2022 Ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ec9 cho b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u
\u2022 Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng nh\u0103n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t
\u2022 Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng r\u00eau m\u1ed1c
\u2022 Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng l\u1eafng c\u1eb7n
\u2022 Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1i\u2022 V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia kh\u00e1c\u2026.
D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia:<\/strong><\/span>
1. Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1 b\u1ecdt (Defoames)<\/strong><\/p>\n
2. Ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (Surface additives)<\/strong>
Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n trong v\u00e0 sau khi thi c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0:
– Th\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt s\u01a1n.
– H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1ed1 l\u1ed3i l\u00f5m sau khi thi c\u00f4ng.
– T\u1ea1o v\u1ebft m\u00e0u loang l\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.
– \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0n tr\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea7n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.
– D\u1ec5 b\u1eaft b\u1ee5i l\u00e0m m\u1edd m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n
– V\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c \u2026
Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 do s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 trong ho\u1eb7c do th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh thi c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c v.v\u2026 \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00f3i tr\u00ean c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u01a1n sau khi thi c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
3. Ph\u1ee5 gia th\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/strong>
– Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt: L\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u00e0u x\u1ea3y ra nhanh h\u01a1n n\u00ean n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u00e0u d\u1ec5 \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00f3 c\u00f2n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t dung m\u00f4i l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm kh\u00f4. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt d\u00f9ng trong s\u01a1n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eafn (PVC)
– Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n: Ph\u1ee5 gia ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ea1t m\u00e0u v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u00e0u th\u00f4ng qua l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u00e1n ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng gian, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m xu h\u01b0\u1edbng keo t\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u01a1n m\u00e0u, S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn trong dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u01a1n m\u00e0u chia th\u00e0nh 3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau: th\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt, nghi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n 3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t th\u00ec r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u01a1n s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi c\u00f4ng.
Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia th\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 ch\u00e1t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00f3i tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n